Way to Think Outside the Box

• Study another industry.

• Learn about another religion.

• Take a class.

• Read a novel in an unfamiliar genre.

• Write a poem.

• Draw a picture.

• Turn it upside down

• Work backwards.

• Ask a child for advice.

• Invite randomness.

• Take a shower.

Petua Pelajar Cemerlang dari Pakar Motivasi

Berikut merupakan petua-petua dan ciri-ciri yang ada pada pelajar cemerlang. Pelajar cemerlang akan:

1. Menggunakan kedua-dua belah otak kanan & kiri. Ini dapat dilakukan dengan membuat aktiviti merangsang kedua-dua belah otak tersebut.
2. Merangsang kesemua deria dalam pembelajaran. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa:
1. kita ingat 10 % apayang dibaca
2. kita ingat 20% apa yang didengar
3. kita ingat 50 % apa yang didengar & dilihat
4. kita ingat 70% apa yang dicakapkan
5. kita ingat 90% setelah dipraktikkan
3. Belajar secara aktif dengan pen/pensil ditangan.
4. Belajar 3 jam sehari atau 20 jam seminggu (tidak termasuk kerja rumah).
5. Belajar dalam persekitaran kondusif.
1. pastikan cahaya adalah terang
2. kurangkan gangguan bunyi
3. tampal poster yang mengandungi slogan yang menaikkan semangat belajar
4. tampal gambar-gambar yang menenangkan fikiran
5. kerusi dan meja menghadap kiblat
6. jangan lupa untuk senyum
6. Tidak ponteng kelas. Kalau tertinggal kelas, salin nota dari rakan.
7. Mengulang kaji menggunakan kaedah 'output learning' iaitu belajar untuk melatih otak menggunakan maklumat yang terkumpul. Ini dapat dilakukan dengan membaca buku/nota, ingat kembali, lakar/tulis, sebut apa yang difahami, dan jawab soalan.
8. Tahu teknik merangsang memori:
1. memasukkan maklumat dalam memori (registration)
2. menyimpan maklumat dalam sel memori (retention)
3. mengingat kembali (recall)
4. menggunakan maklumat untuk menjawab soalan atau kegunaan lain (application)
9. Sentiasa awal dan mendahului:
1. persediaan awal akan memberikan permulaan yang baik dan memberi tanggapan yang positif pada guru.
2. pelajar yang mendapat A pada ujian lazimnya akan dapat mengekalkan kejayaannya.
3. belajar awal ketika tiada tekanan adalah tidak membosankan.
4. untuk sentiasa awal dan mendahului, bacalah dahulu sekali atau 2 kali sebelum guru mengajar.
10. Berbuat baik dengan guru. Setiasa hormati dan sayangi guru.
11. Mempunyai teknik membaca yang betul:
1. duduk dengan tegak & bernafas dengan betul
2. memberikan tumpuan sepanuhnya
3. menggunakan jari telunjuk untuk membaca
4. menyesuaikan kelajuan membaca dengan kesukaran bahan bacaan
12. Sentiasa mengawasi pencuri waktu belajar iaitu angan-angan kosong, bertangguh & malas.
13. Membaca doa penerang hati setiap kali selepas sembahyang, sebelum mengulangkaji, dan sebelum menghadapi peperiksaan.
14. Tidak membuang masa dengan belajar ketika letih.
15. Mengadakan rehat sebentar setiap 20 minit mengulangkaji.
16. Belajar mengikut waktu yang sesuai dengan diri (study according to your biological clock). Bagaimanapun, perlu tahu waktu-waktu yang sesuai untuk belajar iaitu sebelum tidur, selepas bangun tidur, selepas mandi air panas, selepas baca al-quran/zikir selepas riadah dan selepas berdoa.
17. Mengulang kaji secepat mungkin. Ulang kaji ringkas selepas belajar (kita akan lupa 80% selepas belajar).
18. Mengulang kaji secara bersendirian atau berkumpulan.
19. Tahu mengulang kaji adalah aktiviti pembelajaran terpenting sebelum peperiksaan.
20. Mengulang kaji pelajaran berulang-ulang kali.
21. Mengulang kaji apabila mulai terlupa.
22. Tahu petua mengulang kaji
1. cari tempat yang tenang dan serasi dengan jiwa kita
2. siapkan semua 'bekalan' dengan sempurna
3. duduk tegak dikerusi yang selesa
4. baca doa penerang hati
5. baca buku atau nota mengikut teknik membaca yang betul
6. fikir dan ingat kembali isi utama
7. catat/lakar
8. semak semula ketepatan maklumat
9. ulang sebut atau ceritakan pada orang lain
10. buat rumusan
11. jawab soalan
12. tampal maklumat yang rumit di dinding
13. baca doa tanda kesyukuran selepas belajar
23. Tahu memberi ganjaran kepada diri sendiri selepas beajar seperti membaca surat khabar, melawat rakan dan sebagainya.
24. Tahu petua-petua agar tidak lupa:
1. jangan makan kepala ikan
2. jangan makan organ dalaman
3. jangan minum semasa makan
4. jangan minum atau makan makanan yang tercemar oleh semut
5. jangan melihat kemaluan
6. jangan melihat buih
7. jangan membaca nama pada batu nisan
8. banyakkan makan makanan yang mengandungi soya seperti tempe, tauhu dan lain-lain
9. banyakkan makan kismis, kurma dan madu
10. banyakkan makan kekacang
11. pakai minyak wangi ketika belajar atau menghadapi peperiksaan
12. jangan makan sehingga terlalu kenyang
13. jangan kencing berdiri
25. Tahu kemahiran mengingat:
1. tampal nota-nota penting di dinding
2. tukar perkataan, ayat atau definisi dalam bentuk gambar atau rajah
3. gunakan kaedah akronim
4. reka cerita atau ayat mengenai konsep yang perlu diingat
5. pecahkan maklumat kepada kumpulan kecil
26. Cekap mengatur jadual belajar:
1. mempunyai jadual belajar
2. patuh kepada jadual
3. buat jadual yang boleh diikuti
27. Tidak menangguh belajar pada saat akhir dan tidak menumpukan peperiksaan sebagai dorongan untuk belajar.
28. Cari maklumat mengenai subjek yang tidak diketahui. Sediakan perkara-perkara yang tidak diketahui dan dapatkan penyelesaian dari orang yang lebih arif.
29. Membina kepelbagaian dalam pembelajaran. Sebagai contoh, satu hari dipelbagaikan cara dan topik untuk belajar.
30. Menggunakan masa terluang untuk mengulang kaji atau mencuri masa.
31. Membawa nota ke mana-mana sahaja (kecuali ke tandas).
32. Pelbagaikan tempat belajar.
33. Menyedari guru-guru adalah sumber ilmu yang baik. Tanya guru apabila tidak faham
34. Menjadikan nota-nota menarik seperti membuat corak, menggariskan isi penting dan sebagainya.
35. Ciri-ciri pelajar cemerlang:
1. taat kepada Allah
2. mendirikan sembahyang
3. menghormati kedua ibu bapa dan sentiasa mendoakan mereka
4. hormati & sayangi guru
5. bersungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan kerja untuk mencapai kecemerlangan.
6. suka pada setiap mata pelajaran yang dipelajari
7. membantu rakan yang memerlukan
8. berdoa dan bersyukur kepada Allah
9. sentiasa bertawakal
10. mahir dalam setiap mata pelajaran

PENANG GLOBAL CITY CENTRE

The Penang Global City Centre (PGCC) is a project located at Penang Turf Club on Penang Island, Malaysia. The PGCC will comprise 50,000 square metres (538,196 square feet) divided between two five-star hotels, a 75,000 square metre (807,294 square feet) Penang performing arts centre, a 400,000 square metre (4,305,565 square feet) retail complex, 25,000 square metres (269,098 square feet) divided between two office towers, 70,000 square metres (753,474 square feet) of residential properties, a 100,000 square metre (1,076,392 square feet) world-class convention centre, a 1500 square metre (16,146 square feet) observatory tower, 190,000 square metres (2,045,142 square feet) of parking space, monorail transportation, and a vast public arena.

The PGCC, with an estimated gross development value (GDV) of RM25 billion, will be sited on a 104 ha plot where the Penang Turf Club currently stands. Abad Naluri bought the land for RM488mil in 2002.

The PGCC was designed by Asymptote Architecture, under leadership of Hani Rashid and Lise Anne Coutur. It will be built on a 185 hectare plot (1.9 square KM), featuring two iconic towers - each standing 200 meter high (656 feet). These towers will boast continuous flowing curves with shining crystalline and transparent curved surfaces. It will take at least 15 years to complete.

how+what+when+who+why in architecture design process

time learn + working = same process
but ....
time learn = individual,
working = group team.......

The Development Process

Schematic Design

- Review of program with Client
- Preliminary design concepts
- Landscape consultant input
- Presentation of design concepts to Owner
- Owner review and input
- Schematic design finalized

Design Development

- Preliminary design of building systems with consulting
engineers
- Presentation of design development to Owner
- Review of project cost estimate with Owner
- Owner review and input
- Design finalized

Construction Documents

- Working drawings and specifications production
- Owner review

Bidding & Negotiations

- Competitive bidding
- Bid evaluation
- Contract awarded

Construction

- Construction begins with on-site construction observation
- Substantial completion
- Owner occupancy
- One-year building review by Architect

BMW Central Building by Zaha Hadid

In 2002, the German auto giant BMW funded a prestigious competition to design a Central Building at its factory on the outskirts of Leipzig, a $1.55 billion complex where 5,000 employees can assemble up to 650 of BMW’s 3-Series sports cars daily. From 25 invited international architects, Zaha Hadid got the key with her extraordinary design. The £34 million project targets to gather factory and office in a shared experience of manufacturing cars.

The Central Building is the active nerve-center or brain of the entire factory complex. It is connecting three production buildings, serving a common space for workers, management, technicians and visitors. All threads of the building’s activities accumulate together and spread out again from here. Canteens and social rooms, staff assembly halls, quality control bays and entrance halls are all hosted within the open, flowing spatial continuum.

By placing the administrative building between adjacent factory buildings, BMW rejects any standard separation between labor and service. Blue-collar factory workers and white-collar managers synergy in a fluid matrix of automotive production and administration. This design strategy applies to the cycles and trajectories of people, workers (arriving in the morning and back for lunch) and visitors, as well as for the cycle and progress of the production line which pass across this central point, departing and returning again.

Cars in various levels of completion pass through the Central Building, moving along tracks as they move between production areas, while the employees and public visitors could view them. The inside activities, from executive offices to production areas, a shape of star-like structure is defying to conventional concepts of a hierarchical workplace by placing both administrative and factory sections in equal grade to the central core.

Large office spaces for administration contain enclosed glass-panels for meetings, while laboratory and conference rooms are connected by ramps, stairs, and hallways, and even expressed by conveyor belts, which are illuminated in blue. The plan allowed the legal foundation for the construction of the automobile plant and additional commercial and industrial lots to be created, infrastructure measures to be applied and landscape compensation measures to be executed within a period of less than two years.

“The Central Building is the active nerve-center or brain of the whole factory complex (where) all the threads of the building’s activities gather together and branch out again from here,” Hadid says. This analogy not only influences the building’s exterior design but also it’s interior, though it is dominant here.

The interior overlaps the various threads in the ceilings, roofs, and circulation; assembling lines that cut through the spaces as they move slowly from one factory building to another. This gesture not only shows the unfinished product but also illustrates the company’s integrative approach to business. The multi-story interior helps to direct the visitor in the highly complex space that steps to three stories where necessary, responding to the site and BMW’s functional requirements. Its entrance is an immense arrangement of concrete fins, beams and glass. The lobby allows views deep into the building and is occasionally emphasized by courtyards to allow daylight and improve visibility deeper into the space.

Dubai COMING SOON....

Dubai is really nuts in building the tallest structures in the planet....

Nakheel Tower the 1km high tower (this is already approved and is in the pre-construction stage.)
The entire construction area will be of 270 hectares, and when the Nakheel Tower and Harbor will be finished, it will provide enough space for 55,000 inhabitants, workplaces for 45,000 people, and for millions of tourists every year. Although it will be one kilometer-high, the skyscraper will only feature 200 floors, but this could change as the developers don’t want to tell us more about the actual height as rivals could build taller towers.

Here is a nice visual comparison of existing skyscrapers:
Everything pales in comparison with this baby...

Dubai City Tower. its...2.4 kilometers tall!


This gargantuan of a structure is planned for the Jumeirah City project... even includes a vertical bullet train: one-and-a-half mile tall, 125 mph elevator.

Ecological Design In The Tropics (EDITT) - My target style

Ecological Design In The Tropics (EDITT) is a proposal by TR Hamzah & Yeang for a 26-story high-rise constructed of recycled and recyclable materials featuring photovoltaic panels, natural ventilation, and a biogas generation plant all wrapped within an insulating living wall that covers half of its surface area. The eco-tower is designed to collect rainwater and re-distribute its grey-water for both irrigation and toilet flushing with an estimated 55% self-sufficiency and a photovoltaic system that can supply 40% of its energy needs.

top ten architectural styles

1. Neoclassicism (c.1780-1820)

There are several variations:
Federalist: Especially common in New England; a traditionalist
approach to classicism, heavily influenced by English models. Charles
Bulfinch, Samuel MacIntyre.
Idealist: An intellectual and moral approach to classicism, at first
linked to Roman models. Symbolic and associational values stressed.
Best example: Thomas Jefferson.
Rationalist: Emphasized structure and classical building techniques,
such as stone vaulting and domes. Benjamin Latrobe.




2. Greek Revival (1818-1850)

The first truly national style in the United States. Strong associational
values. Permeated all levels of building.








3. Gothic Revival (c. 1820-1860)

Strong associational values of religion and nature. Found in both ecclesiastical
and residential architecture. A wide range of archaeological accuracy, from
Richard Upjohn's urban churches to "Carpenter's Gothic" cottages.











4. Second Empire Baroque (1860-1880)

French origin; used for public and residential architecture.
















5. Beaux-Arts Classicism and Renaissance Revival.(1885-1920)

Drawn from the architecture of 15th- through 17th-century Italy, France and England. On this side of the Atlantic, Italian palazzi, French chateaux, and English clubs became the stylistic image for banking institutions, super town houses, clubs and government buildings, and even mercantile establishments (cf. the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and many of SoHo s cast-iron loft buildings). Proselytized through the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the Beaux Arts style, from about 1890 to 1920, inflated classical allusions to truly supergrandiose proportions, as at Grand Central Terminal, the Custom House at Bowling Green, and the New York Public Library.







6. Setback Style Skyscrapers (1920-1950)

The "Wedding Cake" style refers to buildings with many distinct tiers, each set back from the one below resulting in a shape like a wedding cake. The style is almost exclusive to New York City, thanks to the 1916 zoning code ( prompted by the "shocking" height and verticality of the EQUITABLE BUILDING ) which forced buildings to reduce their shadows at street level, but occasional examples are found in other cities with dense business districts.

Wedding Cake buildings range across a spectrum of early-to-mid-20th century stylistic treatments, some with eclectic or art moderne facades and some modern or international. The buildings can be grouped into one style because their setbacks are usually their most distinguishing design feature.

7. Art Deco (1925-1940)

The largely French-inspired styles of the era between World Wars I and II, when cubistic structures were embellished by the use of florid ornament inspired by the Paris Exposition of 1925 (Art Deco) and later by sleek streamlined ornament that also influenced the Paris Exposition of 1937 ' Art Moderne . Many polychromed works of Ely Jacques Kahn exemplify Art Deco: the corner-windowed “modernistic” apartment houses of the Grand Concourse in the Bronx and the Majestic Apartments, at Central Park West and 72nd street are Art Moderne.

Both Deco and Moderne use setbacks to reduce building mass and to emphasize verticality. Unlike "Wedding Cake" buildings, their shapes recede from the street gracefully, not in tiers but in gentler and more carefully positioned steps. Limestone is the most common cladding material, with brick facades common in Art Deco.

Prominent architects in the style include Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, and Lawrence Murray Dixon.

8. International Style (1945-1970)

After about 1960 modernism began to play more freely with shapes and structures, producing a wider variety of designs including cylindrical buildings, sloping roofs, and unusual shapes. This trend runs parallel to Postmodernism, which rebelled against the strictness of modernism by reviving historical tropes; but during this period the aesthetic and economic advantages of simplicity kept modernism alive in all parts of the world.

One of the leading proponents of modernism is the architecture firm Walter Gropius, which has also worked in other styles but is closely associated with the evolution of 20th century modernism. An equivalent firm in the Far East is the Japanese company Nikken Sekkei Ltd., and one of the most famous design firms of the late modern period is The Stubbins Associates, Inc., architects of Yokohama Landmark Tower and Citigroup Center.

9. Late Modern (1970-present)

Philip Johnson (before his conversion to Post-Modernism) and I.M. Pei, among others.
Late Twentieth-Century Late Modern buildings avoided most of the allusions, irony and self- mockery of post-modernism, although they sometimes paid homage to Inter-War Functionalism. They also modified the uncomplicated, predictable matchbox shapes of the International style by slicing, chamfering or serrating them, by stressing the 45-degree angle in plan and elevation, or by relinquishing the rectangular prism in favour of pyramidal, cylindrical or free-curved shapes. Late Modern architecture was nothing if not sleek and glossy. It strove to convey the image of the formidable technology of the computer and the satellite, a technology that was not yet practical for everyday use in the building industry even though it appeared overseas in such tours de force as the HongKong and Shanghai Bank and the Lloyds of London Building.


10. Post-Modernism (1964-present)


Postmodern architecture is a counter reaction to the the strict and almost universal modernism of the mid-20th century. It reintroduces elements from historical building styles, although usually without their high level of detail. Common features include columns, pyramids, arches, obelisks, unusual or attention-getting shapes and rooflines, and combinations of stone and glass on the facade.

Postmodernism ranges from conservative imitations of classical architecture to flamboyant and playfully outrageous designs. As the style became mainstream, many buildings with a modern form assimilated postmodern devices into small parts of their designs.

Among the original and most prototypically postmodern architects, Michael Graves & Associates is famous for its colorful and entertaining designs in architecture and other products. The firm of Johnson/Burgee Architects has designed some of the style's best known buildings, with an extremely wide variety of forms. Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates is one of the most successful practices in history, with a portfolio of major postmodern buildings all over the world.